The French Revolution is the key event of political modernity. This course examines both its core political concepts and their expression in the general culture of the time. Revolutionary ideas - citizenship, democracy, the nation-state, dictatorship, liberty, equality, representation, progress, human rights - reshaped the norms not only of politics, but also of literature and art. To understand these innovations, we will concentrate on: the theories that laid the foundations for the Revolution; literary and theoretical texts from the major acts of the revolutionary period; artistic and political responses to the Revolution up until today.

This course, taught at Ashoka University (India), is an introduction to Indian politics. The first half is structured as chronological 'political history'. We begin with the colonial period (1757-1947), before studying the eras of Nehru (1947-64), Indira Gandhi (1965-1984) and the contemporary period (1985-2014). The second half looks at 'concepts' in Indian politics such as: the state, democracy, federalism, judiciary, political parties, social movements, identity politics, and welfare schemes. The final weeks will focus on the Narendra Modi years from 2014 to 2022, applying what we have learned in the course to the present day.

The seminar revisits the fundamental normative issues at stake, but also engages in systematic comparisons of the US and Germany, which take fundamentally different approaches to the regulation of parties (and, to a lesser degree, civil society). We examine existing laws governing parties (including the regulation of parties' internal political activities and their financing); we also explore mechanisms for banning them (party prohibitions are a central element of Germany's "militant democracy;" they are often seen as a completely alien idea in US constitutionalism).

Equal parts art, programming, and statistical reasoning, data visualization is critical for anyone who seeks to analyze data. Data analysis skills have become essential for those pursuing careers in policy evaluation, business consulting, and research in fields like public health, social science, or education. This course introduces students to the powerful R programming language and the basics of creating data-analysis graphics in R.