The course aims to show the various regulatory methods used by constitutional democracies worldwide, present the relevant case law, and help students understand why emergency measures could be dangerous in constitutional democracies. It is one of the main tasks of this course to draw attention to the link between autocratic transitions and exceptional measures to help better understand the importance of preserving the values of the rule of law and to discuss the relevant examples from the origins of the ancient Roman dictatorship to the recent developments related to the Covid-19 pandemic.

What are the features of persuasive political speech? The reliance of democratic politics on memorable oratory stems from traditions dating back to ancient Greece and Rome which were revived in the modern era of parliamentary debates and stump speeches. This course will analyze the rhetorical structure of famous political speeches over time in a bid to better understand the potent mixture of aesthetics and ideology that characterizes political rhetoric, as well as the equally long tradition of regarding political rhetoric as insincere and unscrupulous. Students will try their hand at political speech-writing and oratory in class.

What do you know about Marxism? Public discourse and academia in the U.S. often dismiss Marx and the Marxist method: economic determinism at its worst; simplistically teleological; Marxists ignore race, gender, culture, and the environment; the Communist Manifesto sums it all up; Soviet totalitarianism proved its utopian failure. Is all this true? Let's test it. Let's take Marxism seriously. This course begins with fundamental works by Marx, Engels, Luxemburg, Preobrazhensky, Trotsky, and Lenin and then expands to study how the social and natural sciences have used the method to explain key processes in their domains.

The ups and downs of the so-called "special relationship" between the United Kingdom and the United States is one of the major themes of the history of the twentieth century, and the one figure who embodies that association in all its many contradictory guises is Winston Churchill, who actually coined the phrase. For Churchill's relationship with the United States was much more nuanced and complex (and, occasionally, hostile) than is often supposed, and it will be the aim of this course to tease out and explore those nuances and complexities (and hostilities), in the broader context of Anglo-American relations.

In this course we explore the contemporary panorama of social and political organizations in Latin America representing (or claiming to represent) the lower orders of society. These include social movements, trade unions, non-governmental organizations, and political parties, as well as the vast range of participatory fora in the region that purport to offer citizens a direct role in government decision-making. How do these different institutions seek to increase the political influence and better the lives of the excluded and marginalized, and how successful have their efforts been?

This course examines the world of political regimes and regime transitions. Why are some countries democracies and others dictatorships? Why does democracy sometimes break down? Why so some dictatorships eventually democratize? We will explore these questions through a diverse range of cases. We will learn about cases from Latin America and beyond, including the world's biggest democracy (India) and the world's biggest authoritarian regime (China).

Overview of the intersection of the politics and economics of the modern Middle East and North Africa. Study political and economic development and underdevelopment of region's diverse states by exploring the ways in which political institutions affect economic performance and those in which economic conditions influence political events. You'll build on rich historical literature, interdisciplinary theoretical frameworks, and multi-methods empirical studies to think critically about the determinants that lead to underdevelopment vs. development, chaos vs. stability, regime survival vs. overthrow, and political opening vs. stability.

Instead of defining Islam simply, abstracted from history and politics, recent scholarship calls for an approach that makes every-day practical interpretations, practices and living social relationships central towards understanding the religion as an integral part of modern life. This course explores how Islam was profoundly influenced by colonial rule and post-colonial nation state building with its modernist socio-political arrangements in schools, court systems, government administration and heritage. These institutional foundations shaped life in the modern Muslim World whilst also generating revolutionary Islamist movements in turn.

What began as street protests in Tunisia in 2010 sparked a revolutionary wave across the Arab world. Mass mobilizations, violent reprisals, and civil wars eventually ousted longstanding autocratic rulers. Why did so many ordinary people desire such profound change? What alternatives to the old regimes did they see? What did they achieve? Only through a historical lens can we answer these questions and understand in a way that takes us beyond images from the nightly news. This course covers revolutions in the Middle East and No. Africa and address themes of social movements, state building, development, and democracy over the past 200 years.

Why is Iran so often in the headlines? Why is what happens in Iran matters so much to the rest of the world? In this course, we try to find some answers to questions about Iranian politics, culture, recent history and society. The class covers Iran's long twentieth century, from the rise of the constitutional revolution to the Islamic revolution of 1979 and its aftermath.

This introduction to political theory will examine different conceptions of the ends of politics, and the means to achieving those ends. In particular, we will be concerned with two problems central to politics. What is the relationship between politics and truth? But the public authority is also a system of power that obliges us and has the threat of force behind it. What justifies this power? In discussing these questions, we will come to understand key concepts: truth, power, violence, authority, equality, liberty, justice, and identity. Readings include, Plato, Augustine, Hobbes, Mill, Marx, Rousseau, Beauvoir, Du Bois, Fanon and Arendt.

Why do states exist? Why are some democracies, and others autocracies? And why are some countries rich, while others are poor? This course introduces students to the study of domestic politics of other countries, or comparative politics, by focusing on topics such as economic development, democratization and regime change, political institutions, income redistribution, and political representation. Readings on Africa, Asia, Europe, the Middle East, and the Americas are used to provide an introduction to politics in different regions of the world and to show how cross-national comparisons provide insight into contemporary political outcomes.

A survey of the foundational texts of modern political theory. Emphasis is placed on close reading and the reconstruction and analysis of theoretical arguments.

We revisit some of the basic normative questions to do with religion and democratic politics: how can democratic polities be protected from religion, and how can religion be protected from politics? Might certain forms of democratic politics depend on religious sources? In particular, might liberal democracy actually "live off" religious sentiments in ways that many liberal theorists fail to acknowledge? Does even the religiously neutral state need a "civil religion" of some sort or other to preserve its moral foundations?

The 14th Amendment is the centerpiece of constitutional debates about equality. This class explores the development and ongoing debates over the 14th Amendment, including the Equal Protection and Due Process Clauses. We also give attention to some additional statutes, notably Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The readings will largely be rooted in decisions by the U.S. Supreme Court, with a focus on race, sex, sexuality, religion, and disability. What constitutes discrimination and 'anti-discrimination'? What ought to be the goal for understanding equality, diversity, and acceptance?

This course provides a realistic introduction to how public policy is made in the United States. It examines how people and political institutions come together to create and implement public policy. The course combines cutting edge social science with cases, simulations, and role playing exercises to provide students with concrete skills and practical tools for actual policy making.

This course examines the art of statesmanship, the meaning of political greatness, and the proper means of educating aspiring young statesmen and stateswomen. The ambition, moral character, cunning, prudence, and grit required for effective statesmanship are analyzed using books written by past statesmen for future statesmen. The course also explores whether the life of grand politics is a desirable way of life. Differences between classical and modern statesmanship are considered, in addition to the unique political demands that different regimes (democracy, aristocracy, monarchy, tyranny) place on founders and leaders of nations.

African Americans in the United States have encountered myriad barriers to their quest for inclusion. Drawing on a mix of history and social science, we will come to understand why certain segments of America oppose the full inclusion of African Americans. We will also discuss the political strategies undertaken by the Black community to combat social, political, and economic injustices. The first half of the course will focus on historical antecedents such as the civil rights movement and the Black Power movement. The second half of the course will focus on the nature of contemporary racial attitudes in the 21st century.

This course builds on what you learned in POL 345. We will think more deeply about inference, and we will apply our methods to data. Topics include: panel data, models of polychotomous choice, Bayesian analysis, and the analysis of legislative voting.

An introduction to the use of formal game-theoretic models in the study of politics. Applications include: voting, bargaining, lobbying, legislative institutions, and strategic information transmission. Familiarity with mathematical reasoning is helpful.

This course will focus on the state's role in promoting economic growth and distribution in the developing world. The core organizing question for the course is: why have some regions of the developing world been more successful at industrialization and/or poverty alleviation than other regions. The students will learn about the patterns of development in Asia, Africa and Latin America, with special attention to such countries as China, India, South Korea, Nigeria and Brazil. General challenges that face all developing countries - globalization, establishing democracy and ethnic fragmentation - will also be analyzed.

This course will examine where and why women and men are not treated equally, how gender inequality impacts human welfare and development, and what works to minimize gender inequality in the Global South. This course will introduce students to cutting-edge research on gender inequality in countries as diverse as India, China, South Korea, Brazil, Tunisia, Saudi Arabia, and Mali, as well as the reasons why some government efforts to reduce gender inequality are successful while others fail or even backfire. The course will emphasize the importance of culture and norms.

This course offers students an overview of modern Middle Eastern politics. The course will first provide a historical analysis outlining the conditions that shape the formation and consolidation of authoritarian rule in modern Middle Eastern states. We will examine the political economy of the region, Islamic politics, state-society relations, wars, and other topics as probable explanatory variables to authoritarian persistence. Through case studies, the course will also focus on the impact of authoritarian rule on the political economy, civil societies, and opposition movements in the region.

This course provides a broad exploration about how non-democratic governments throughout the world rule. We examine: the conditions that give rise to authoritarianism; the variety of authoritarian regimes; the strategies authoritarian leaders use to stay in power; the consequences of different types of authoritarianism for outcomes such as economic growth and human development; and the domestic and international sources of authoritarian demise. The course builds knowledge about the governments under which most people in the Global South lived during the 20th century.

A study of the politics and history of human rights. What are human rights? How can dictatorships be resisted from the inside and the outside? Can we prevent genocide? Is it morally acceptable and politically wise to launch humanitarian military interventions to prevent the slaughter of foreign civilians? What are the laws of war, and how can we punish the war criminals who violate them? Cases include the Ottoman Empire, Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, China, Imperial Japan, Bosnia, Rwanda, North Korea, and the Russian war in Ukraine.

This course is about international cooperation and sacrifice. We consider global organizations: the United Nations, World Bank, IMF, and WHO; and regional ones: the European Union, Asian Development Bank, and African Development Bank. We also consider China's new institution, the AIIB. We examine their origins and effectiveness, and the interests of powerful members, like the US and China, as well as countries in Latin America and Africa. Taking a political-economy approach, the course pedagogy also involves references to films like Wonder Woman, Dark Knight, and The Godfather, as well as music by Adele and Bob Marley.

Did lobbying corrupt the implementation of the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) intended to provide financial relief to small businesses during the COVID-19 crisis? Did campaign contributions from the real estate industry exacerbate housing bubbles in the early 2000s, leading to the eventual mortgage default crisis in 2008-09? This course will help students critically assess claims made about the role of money in American politics in public discourse and policy debates. Students will learn about cutting-edge social science research, and interact with guest speakers in government, non-profits, and the private sector where feasible.

This course considers how gender enters and shapes politics, primarily in the US context. It addresses a range of questions that center elections: How did women gain the right to vote? Are women voters really different than men voters? Are women politicians really any different than men politicians? Has women's involvement in electoral and institutional politics changed anything? It also considers how the gendered space of the American electoral system has limited its effectiveness in delivering outcomes desired by some groups of women, what their alternatives might be, and how those alternatives have been and continue to be pursued.

This seminar examines how politics affects the international economy, and vice versa.  It will focus primarily on the political economy of finance and international development, across nations, issues, and time. We will explore some of the following questions: why are some countries richer than others? Why do financial crises occur? Are countries "punished" for defaulting on their debt? Is foreign aid "effective"? How does financial globalization affect domestic politics and vice-versa? The aim of the course is to equip students with the tools to better understand the relationship between financial globalization and politics.

International order encompasses the governing arrangements that organize relations among states, including the fundamental rules, principles, and institutions of the international system. This course draws on a wide range of readings in International Relations theory as well as diplomatic and global history to consider plausible accounts of the emergence, development, and decline of international orders across human history. The course will review prominent theories of international order, explore crucial junctures of order formation and decline, and consider the sociology and causal mechanics of pivotal institutions of international order.

Violent non-state actors have become an increasingly prominent security concern in international relations. The events of September 11, 2001 quickly moved terrorism and insurgency to the forefront of U.S. security concerns. While the threat from violent non-state actors is relatively new as a top security concern for the U.S., many countries and regions of the world have long dealt with severe forms of political violence as a top security concern and a factor in everyday life. In this course, we examine violent non-state actors from several distinct angles and develop a solid understanding of their historical role.

Can policy problems like broken systems of representation, social prejudice, fake news, and environmental mismanagement be solved? How would we know if we are making progress? In this course we will combine the examination of the theoretical underpinnings of these policy challenges with real world lessons that social scientists have learned in their efforts to alleviate them. We will focus not only on the ideas behind solutions to policy problems, but we will also learn if and how these solutions work. We will explore how randomized control trials, also known as A/B tests and randomized experiments, have already been used to test these ideas.

This course surveys ways in which the value of the environment has been conceptualized in political philosophy, with a special focus on the moral problem of climate change. What is the value of nature, biodiversity, and non-human animals? What is a fair distribution of environmental goods? How does climate change interact with other structures of inequality in our society? Is economic growth the problem or the solution? What are our environmental responsibilities to future generations? How should individuals and governments respond to the problem of climate change?

Media and journalism are undergoing what many observers are describing as a profound structural change. How we view the consequences of this change for democracy depends on what we normatively expect from the relationship between the media and politics in the first place. Hence we shall start with basic questions about this relationship and critically examine previous transformations and what were perceived as crises in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. We finish with a closer normative and empirical look at the role of social media and attempts transnationally to re-shape media landscapes. There will be a number of guest speakers.

This course examines political thinkers who profoundly shaped normative thinking about politics in Indian, Islamic, African and Chinese contexts. The course will examine non-Western ideas of modernity, and justified forms of moral and political order. It will shed new light on key ideas of modern political thought: rights, justice, nationalism, identity, violence, perfectionism, democracy and power. The thinkers in this course such as Gandhi, Iqbal, Ambedkar, Qutub, Fanon, Cesaire, Mao and others, not only contribute to political theory. Their arguments also define fault lines in contemporary politics.

This seminar considers a range of issues in philosophy of law within the United States, with particular focus on major thinkers, schools of thought, and controversies of the 20th and 21st centuries, although with occasional reference to sources outside of the American context when needed. Topics will include: formalism and realism, positivism, proceduralism, liberalism, natural law jurisprudence, varieties of originalism, postmodern jurisprudence, developments of critical legal studies, and common good constitutionalism.

American law vigorously protects free speech. But many argue for greater government regulation of speech, particularly "hate speech". Social media and speech at universities present additional challenges, some of which have involved Princeton itself. And what about "cancel culture" and other social controls on speech? Are these healthy limits or stifling constraints? This course explores the justifications for protecting speech, focusing on the freedom of inquiry - the freedom to pursue knowledge and truth. It asks students to think about speech's value and its legal protection in historical perspective and today.

This seminar introduces recent experimental work in political economy and comparative politics. The goal of this course is to introduce students to the theoretical and practical features of experimental political science, particularly natural and field experiments. The course is divided into three parts. Part 1 surveys recent literature on selected topics. Part 2 of the course has four guest speakers whose work students replicate and extend. In Part 3 students present the design of their own experimental study.

This seminar provides a broad introduction to qualitative research design and analysis techniques. Topics include case selection, variants of process tracing, small-n comparative case design, comparative-historical analysis, the design and implementation of field research, in-depth interviewing, and archival research. The emphasis is on application of these skills to students' own work, as well as engaging critically with qualitative work across the subfields.

The course examines different ways to study texts in political theory and intellectual history. We shall look at different interpretive approaches (such as the Cambridge School), as well as what are often said to be different philosophical traditions (analytic versus continental). We also examine how history and normativity relate to each other, and, more specifically various models of crafting genealogies, as well as ways to analyze and critique ideologies. We also ask the broader question what it means to think politically and to consider political theory specifically as one's vocation.

This course offers a general introduction to the field of comparative politics at the Ph.D. level with an emphasis on principal theoretical approaches to the study of political institutions. Topics include powers of executives and legislatures, origins and behavior of parties and party systems, political participation (voting, collective action, social movements), public goods provision, the welfare state, prosperity, federalism & decentralization, and state capacity.

Topics typically include: design of judiciaries and legal systems, doctrinal struggles within judicial hierarchies, bargaining on collegial courts, judicial selection, judicial independence and the rule of law, judicial-legislative relations, interest group activism and rights creation, judicial federalism, politics of administrative law, civil liberties in war time, social consequences of judicial activism.

This class is an entry-level graduate study of US political institutions. As such, the seminar provides an overview of the field and, perhaps more importantly, a foundation upon which students can begin to teach themselves additional works in this literature. In addition, through brief assignments and class presentations, we build students' ability to conduct scholarly research, evaluate others' scholarship, and serve as discussants and reviewers.

This course examines psychological perspectives on politics. Themes include human limitation vs. human capacity, how institutions shape or interact with individual opinion and behavior, discussion and deliberation, and the role of groups. We will also discuss methodological issues.

A close study of two of the leading figures of nineteenth century German political theory, G.W.F. Hegel and Karl Marx. Themes to be discussed in connection with these thinkers include: history, freedom, recognition, property, civil society, modern state, alienation, political economy, exploitation, capitalism, and communism.

This course explores how political theorizing by Greek authors (classical and post-classical) drew on the figure of the lawgiver to animate questions about law and founding. It considers Plato and Aristotle on lawgivers against the backdrop of Herodotus and Greek oratory; moves on to later Greek biographers and historians such as Plutarch, and to the post-classical portraits of Moses as framed in Greek texts by Philo and Josephus; and asks how these approaches came to shape later interventions in the history of political thought. Students may write on reception of the figures studied as well as on the Greek sources themselves.

This is the first class of the quantitative methods field in the PhD. in Politics. It is a doctoral-level introduction to foundations of mathematical statistics for Ph.D. students in Politics and other social and behavioral sciences. The class covers rigorous foundations of classical point estimation and statistical inference, as well foundational topics in econometrics. It covers both finite-sample and large-sample theory and relies on linear algebra and multivariate calculus at the level of POL 502. POL 502 or equivalent is a pre-requisite of this class.

A rigorous introduction to choice theory, social choice theory, and non-cooperative game theory. The course serves as the first formal theory graduate course and draws on mathematics at the level of POL 502.

The purpose of this course is to prepare students to do empirical research in political economy grounded on a theoretical analysis of strategic interactions. The course focuses on the estimation of dynamic and incomplete information games in politics, including models of bargaining, strategic voting, strategic information transmission, political agency, electoral competition, and media.

An introduction to the subfield of international political economy, covering basic topics in the politics of both trade and finance.

How will climate change influence cooperation and conflict within and among nation-states? Who are the winners and losers from climate change? These are among the central questions addressed in this course, and one of growing importance to academics and policymakers. Taking a social scientific approach emphasizing formal modeling and empirical analysis, we draw on most recent research and policy writing on climate change and conflict. We consider how climate change will influence the availability and cost of a range of natural resources and discuss and debate whether these changes are likely to lead to conflict or cooperation.

Explores the study of social movements and mobilized collective action aimed at achieving or preventing social and political change. After examining various theoretical approaches to the field, we investigate a number of issues of abiding concern within the study of contentious politics: repertoires, networks, government responses to protest (repression and concessions), and protest policing. The final portion of the course is devoted to the study of the causes, dynamics, and effects of revolutions.

Enrolled graduate students in residence will attend one of these seminars each year and present their research. First-year students sign up for 593; second-year students for 594; third-year students for 595; fourth-year students for 596; and fifth-years 597. The seminars are offered in four fields: political philosophy, comparative politics, American politics, and international relations.

Enrolled graduate students in residence will attend one of these seminars each year and present their research. First-year students sign up for 593; second-year students for 594; third-year students for 595; fourth-year students for 596; and fifth-years 597. The seminars are offered in four fields: political philosophy, comparative politics, American politics, and international relation

Enrolled graduate students in residence will attend one of these seminars each year and present their research. First-year students sign up for 593; second-year students for 594; third-year students for 595; fourth-year students for 596; and fifth-years 597. The seminars are offered in four fields: political philosophy, comparative politics, American politics, and international relations.

Enrolled graduate students in residence will attend one of these seminars each year and present their research. First-year students sign up for 593; second-year students for 594; third-year students for 595; fourth-year students for 596; and fifth-years 597. The seminars are offered in four fields: political philosophy, comparative politics, American politics, and international relations.

Enrolled graduate students in residence attend one of these seminars each year and present their research. First-year students sign up for 593; second-year students for 594; third-year students for 595; fourth-year students for 596; and fifth-year students for 597. The seminars are offered in four fields: political theory, comparative politics, American politics, and international relations.

Grand strategy is the broad and encompassing policies and undertakings that political leaders pursue- financial, economic, military, diplomatic- to achieve their objectives in peacetime and in war. This course will examine the theory and practice of grand strategy both to illuminate how relations among city-states, empires, kingdoms and nation states have evolved over the centuries and also to identify some common challenges that have confronted all who seek to make and execute grand strategy from Pericles to Barack Obama.

As the United States has increasingly looked to its federal government to provide policies and protect rights that benefit its population, how have the branches of government risen to the occasion? Where have they struggled? What obstacles have they faced? What complexities have arisen over time? This course is an investigation of the institutional, political, and legal development of the unique "American state" in the contemporary era.

Analyzes the historical construction of race as a concept in American society, how and why this concept was institutionalized publicly and privately in various arenas of U.S. public life at different historical junctures, and the progress that has been made in dismantling racialized institutions since the civil rights era.

India's post-independence journey is a lens to study fundamental questions of economic development and political economy. Despite attempts at big-push industrialization, followed by economic liberalization in the 1990's, the country struggled to create jobs and provide public goods at par with rapid population growth. Extreme economic inequality is now only one concern amidst environmental degradation, gender-based violence, and a Hindu-nationalist political agenda. When, and how, will India achieve sustainable development? The seminar will draw on scholarly works and Indian cinema for a well-rounded economic, social and political commentary.

This course studies British and American influence on Asia, Africa, the Middle-East and Latin America over time. Our focus is both on formal empire (colonialism) and on informal empire (significant influence, without territorial control). The course is organized around the professor's book, Imperialism and the Developing World: How Britain and the United States Shaped the Global Periphery. The aim of the course is to: a) introduce students to the debates on the causes and consequences of imperialism; b) analyze specific cases of imperialism; and c) enable students to pursue a specific topic of interest.

The course investigates the interplay of politics and inequality, with a focus on class and race in the United States. The focus is on individuals' political views and behavior, with some attention to political institutions. We take up questions such as: does the political system equally represent the poor, middle class, and rich? Do Americans want government to ameliorate inequality? How do structural factors such as geography affect the politics of racial and ethnic inequality? Why are some people threatened by immigration while others embrace it?

This is a course in research design. We discuss some issues in the philosophy of science, then analyze questions of conceptualization, proceeding to problems of descriptive inference, objectivity, and causal inference, including the role of causal mechanisms. The seminar continues with analysis of how to avoid bias, then tackle issues of historical change. Students present their own research designs and critique those of their colleagues. Emphasis is on qualitative research, but the argument underlying the seminar is that the same basic principles of inference apply to qualitative and quantitative research.