The rule of law is said to be under attack globally. But what is the rule of law? Is it the same as constitutionalism? Do the welfare state and administrative agencies undermine the rule of law, a fear prominent in many twentieth-century debates? Can the rule of law be legitimately contested and what is its relationship to democracy? We revisit these questions, but also ask about national differences when it comes to 'rule by law and not by men' We also analyze the techniques autocrats have developed in the past decades to undermine the rule of law. Which educational and cultural resources could defenders of the rule of law draw on?

Equal parts art, programming, and statistical reasoning, data visualization is critical for anyone who seeks to analyze data. Data analysis skills have become essential for those pursuing careers in policy evaluation, business consulting, and research in fields like public health, social science, or education. This course introduces students to the powerful R programming language and the basics of creating data-analysis graphics in R.