This course surveys recurring, high-profile issues in technology policy and law. Each session will explore a challenging topic, including consumer privacy, data security, electronic surveillance, net neutrality, online speech, algorithmic fairness, cryptocurrencies, election security, and offensive operations. The seminar will also cover foundational technical concepts that affect policy and law, including internet architecture, cryptography, systems security, privacy science, and artificial intelligence. Materials and discussion will draw extensively from current events and primary sources.

This required course for Global Health Program students explores how we study the distribution and determinants of disease, introducing methods for measuring health status, disease occurrence, the association between risk factors and health outcomes, probing evidence for causality, and characterizing how ecology and evolution shapes human health. Emphasis on: study design and sampling, bias and confounding, the generalizability of research, identifying causality, infectious disease dynamics, global health.

From "Chinese opium" to Oxycontin, and from cocaine and "crack" to BiDil, drug controversies reflect enduring debates about the role of medicine, the law, the policing of ethnic identity, and racial difference. This course explores the history of controversial substances (prescription medicines, over-the-counter products, black market substances, psychoactive drugs), and how, from cigarettes to alcohol and opium, they become vehicles for heated debates over immigration, identity, cultural and biological difference, criminal character, the line between legality and illegality, and the boundaries of the normal and the pathological.

Why do states exist? Why are some democracies, and others autocracies? And why are some countries rich, while others are poor? This course introduces students to the study of domestic politics of other countries, or comparative politics, by focusing on topics such as economic development, democratization and regime change, political institutions, income redistribution, and political representation. Readings on Africa, Asia, Europe, the Middle East, and the Americas are used to provide an introduction to politics in different regions of the world and to show how cross-national comparisons provide insight into contemporary political outcomes.

This course will focus on the state's role in promoting economic growth and distribution in the developing world. The core organizing question for the course is: why have some regions of the developing world been more successful at industrialization and/or poverty alleviation than other regions. The students will learn about the patterns of development in Asia, Africa and Latin America, with special attention to such countries as China, India, South Korea, Nigeria and Brazil. General challenges that face all developing countries - globalization, establishing democracy and ethnic fragmentation - will also be analyzed.

This course will examine where and why women and men are not treated equally, how gender inequality impacts human welfare and development, and what works to minimize gender inequality in the Global South. This course will introduce students to cutting-edge research on gender inequality in countries as diverse as India, China, South Korea, Brazil, Tunisia, Saudi Arabia, and Mali, as well as the reasons why some government efforts to reduce gender inequality are successful while others fail or even backfire. The course will emphasize the importance of culture and norms.

This course provides a broad exploration about how non-democratic governments throughout the world rule. We examine: the conditions that give rise to authoritarianism; the variety of authoritarian regimes; the strategies authoritarian leaders use to stay in power; the consequences of different types of authoritarianism for outcomes such as economic growth and human development; and the domestic and international sources of authoritarian demise. The course builds knowledge about the governments under which most people in the Global South lived during the 20th century.

Can policy problems like broken systems of representation, social prejudice, fake news, and environmental mismanagement be solved? How would we know if we are making progress? In this course we will combine the examination of the theoretical underpinnings of these policy challenges with real world lessons that social scientists have learned in their efforts to alleviate them. We will focus not only on the ideas behind solutions to policy problems, but we will also learn if and how these solutions work. We will explore how randomized control trials, also known as A/B tests and randomized experiments, have already been used to test these ideas.

This seminar provides a broad introduction to qualitative research design and analysis techniques. Topics include case selection, variants of process tracing, small-n comparative case design, comparative-historical analysis, the design and implementation of field research, in-depth interviewing, and archival research. The emphasis is on application of these skills to students' own work, as well as engaging critically with qualitative work across the subfields.

The course is an introduction to probability and statistical methods for social science research focused on public policy. Topics include data analysis, descriptive statistics, distributions, random variables, sampling, estimation, hypothesis testing, bivariate regression, and multiple regression. Examples will be discussed from tax, health, environment, energy, education, security, law, and other policy areas. Students will be introduced to the statistical software R. (No prior experience with statistics, programing or calculus is required)

This course examines the causes and consequences of international trade. We investigate why nations trade, what goods they export and import, and who gains and loses from trade. We then focus on economic and political motives for countries to regulate international trade and examine the economic effects of trade policies. Topics will include the connection between globalization and wage inequality, the effects of the "China Shock" on the U.S. economy and politics, the implications of global value chains, the motivation for trade agreements, and the consequences of recent events such as the US-China Trade War, BREXIT, and COVID-19.

Microeconomics is the study of how the economy works as a result of myriad decisions by individual agents (households, firms) in interaction among themselves and with public authorities. This course, taught at the intermediate level, starts from understanding how markets work. It then moves to considering the appropriateness of government interventions in functioning markets. The second half of the course is devoted to understanding market failures, government interventions to rectify those failures and the evaluation of those interventions.

The standard model used in economics is that of perfectly rational agents endowed with unlimited cognitive resources. However, there are many cases in which human behavior systematically differ from this benchmark. The goal of this class is to discuss these cases: when do they tend to occur, what form do they take, how to model them. We will discuss how people relate to the presence of risk, intertemporal choice, fairness, complexity, etc. For each topic, we will discuss the empirical evidence and leading models. Overall, this class will offer an introduction to one of the most exciting areas of research in economics.

Grand strategy is the broad and encompassing policies and undertakings that political leaders pursue- financial, economic, military, diplomatic- to achieve their objectives in peacetime and in war. This course will examine the theory and practice of grand strategy both to illuminate how relations among city-states, empires, kingdoms and nation states have evolved over the centuries and also to identify some common challenges that have confronted all who seek to make and execute grand strategy from Pericles to Barack Obama.

Disruption across the globe has placed U.S. diplomacy in the spotlight What are the secrets to the art of diplomacy at the highest levels? What have been the great successes and failures of American statecraft? What is the proper role of the U.S. in the world today?

This course will familiarize students with the practical aspects of policy formulation and implementation that pertain to current public policy issues in the Middle East. The primary focus will be on the challenges associated with improving governance at the national and sectoral levels. It will also examine effective national strategies for capacity-building, rehabilitation, and economic development against the backdrop of strained social contracts.

As the United States has increasingly looked to its federal government to provide policies and protect rights that benefit its population, how have the branches of government risen to the occasion? Where have they struggled? What obstacles have they faced? What complexities have arisen over time? This course is an investigation of the institutional, political, and legal development of the unique "American state" in the contemporary era.

Analyzes the historical construction of race as a concept in American society, how and why this concept was institutionalized publicly and privately in various arenas of U.S. public life at different historical junctures, and the progress that has been made in dismantling racialized institutions since the civil rights era.

This course focuses on contextual factors, health actors and processes that are typical of policy development and implementation in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We review health issues/outcomes across the lifespan and implications for health systems strategies, financing, organizational changes, and policy. We analyze political, bureaucratic and other influences on health policymaking, including by government, civil society, private sector, and global health institutions. The course will involve class discussion and lectures, in-class exercises, and review of academic literature and international and governmental reports.

This course covers policing in the United States as it intersects with constitutional rights and racial justice, and the rise of social justice movements seeking to transform policing in America. Topics will include studying the history of police institutions, from slave patrols and night watches to big city police departments; the constitutional framework for policing powers; various theories and tactics of policing, such as broken windows policing; and the rise of movements seeking to change police's role in society, such as the Black Lives Matter movement. Students will also meet various leaders within these current movements.

Prejudice is one of the most contentious topics in modern American society. There is debate regarding its causes, pervasiveness, and impact. This goal of this course is to familiarize students with the psychological research relevant to these questions. We will review theoretical perspectives on prejudice to develop an understanding of its cognitive, affective, and motivational underpinnings. We will also discuss how these psychological biases relate to evaluations of, and behavior toward, members of targeted groups. In addition, research-based strategies for reducing prejudice will be discussed.

This course examines the ways domestic US and international environmental regulatory frameworks adopt, interpret and otherwise accommodate scientific information. The course focuses on several case studies, that provide insights into the science-policy interactions which emerge from managing natural resources and environmental risk. Topics include air pollution; climate change; ozone depletion; managing the world's forests, fisheries, and ecosystem services, and global trade in wildlife. Students will explore the science underlying these issues as well as current policies and the range of future policy responses.

This course provides students with a basic technical understanding of the science and technology relevant to current and emerging national and global security issues. Topics covered in this course include nuclear weapons, biotechnology and biosecurity, delivery systems for weapons of mass destruction, cyberwarfare, global surveillance, quantum technologies, and artificial intelligence. In the second half of the semester, students work in small teams on in-depth case studies exploring a current or emerging global-security issue of their choice and combining both technical and policy analysis.

How do we solve the social dilemmas posed by new technologies? Could a self-driving car or facial recognition algorithm be programmed to do good? We will look at ethical theories and apply them to these practical problems and more, including: how tech changes social networks; the meaning of "free speech" in new technological environments; technologies that exacerbate racial or gender discrimination; how the use of cryptocurrencies and fintech exacerbate inequality; how the use of A.I. in the health sectors will affect privacy; how artificial intelligence questions existing understandings of what it means to be an ethical human.

How do we evaluate whether a particular public policy is good or bad? Which goals should public policies serve? From Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) to COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access (COVAX), public policies cannot be properly understood without exploring the political and moral values that underpin them. This course asks what it means to think ethically about public policies. Each week, it introduces a domestic or international public policy, pairing it with relevant scholarship in ethics to better understand what is at stake. Students are invited to consider how they would improve or replace the policies in question.

For the last 60 years, the United States has been engaged in a near-constant effort to reform American schools. In this course, we will make sense of competing explanations of educational performance and evaluate the possibilities for and barriers to improving American public schools and for reducing educational disparities by family socioeconomic status, race, and gender. In doing so, we will grapple with the challenges that researchers and practitioners face in evaluating educational policies.

The Affordable Care Act, enacted in 2010, was the defining (and polarizing) initiative of the Obama era, with provisions to expand health insurance coverage, control health care costs, and improve the health care delivery system. This course will focus on the history of health reform, as well as implementation challenges since the law's enactment. We will examine the federal regulatory process, the many legal challenges to the law, the role that states have played in implementation, and Congressional repeal efforts. We will also investigate the role of federalism in health care policy and the future of health care reform.

In policy seminars students work in groups first formulating the general problem, then engaging in individual research on subtopics, and finally presenting their inferences for discussion and debate and producing a collective policy report.

The junior policy research seminar serves to introduce departmental majors to the tools, methods, and interpretations employed in policy research and writing. Students may choose from a range of topics.

People have plowed up, cut-down and otherwise heavily manipulated more than 75% of the world's forests and grasslands, releasing roughly 30% of the carbon in the atmosphere added by people. In the next 30 years, the world is on a path to convert vast additional areas of forest and diverse habitats to meet rising demands for food, wood, and energy. This course will explore the scope of the challenge and possible solutions. Students will obtain a general understanding of important scientific concepts, such as the carbon cycle, basic principles of agronomy and biodiversity. They will also explore a wide range of policy issues.

India's post-independence journey is a lens to study fundamental questions of economic development and political economy. Despite attempts at big-push industrialization, followed by economic liberalization in the 1990's, the country struggled to create jobs and provide public goods at par with rapid population growth. Extreme economic inequality is now only one concern amidst environmental degradation, gender-based violence, and a Hindu-nationalist political agenda. When, and how, will India achieve sustainable development? The seminar will draw on scholarly works and Indian cinema for a well-rounded economic, social and political commentary.

For the first time, most people now live in cities. One in seven humans lives in an urban slum. We analyze the political, economic, and social dynamics that both create and arise from urbanization, informality, and attempts to govern our contemporary urban world. We ask how formal and informal institutions change inequalities of shelter, work, race, and other social identities, across urban space. We investigate the links between the processes of urbanization and climate change, and how they shape the politics of cities. We draw from cases across the globe, along with a range of social science methods and theoretical perspectives.

This seminar is organized in three parts: an overview of the impacts of climate change and general approaches to adaptation and transformation in floodplains; a study of several regions that have had to adapt to increasing flooding; and a series of five specific local case studies, coastal and riverine. The topic of climate adaptation is of course vast and of necessity the scope of this seminar is limited to one already major impact of climate change.

The seminar will examine the Israel-Palestine conflict and the conflict resolution process, focusing on the narratives of Israelis and Palestinians and on U.S. policy. Students should emerge from the course well-versed in the intricacies of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict and the conflict resolution process.

National security secrecy presents a conflict of core values: self-government and self-defense. We need information to hold our leaders accountable, but if we know our enemies know too. This course explores that dilemma and the complex relationships that resolve it. Beginning with the traditional rubric of "government versus press," the course maps an increasingly fragmented information marketplace. We will apply competing legal and philosophical models to real-world cases of unauthorized disclosure. Among the subjects: weapons of mass destruction, the "war on terror," the Snowden surveillance disclosures, torture and Wikileaks.

In this intensive seminar, Princeton students have the opportunity to contribute to the exoneration of wrongfully convicted people. A select group of dedicated students will spend the semester as investigators, documentarians, and social justice advocates. The goal is to create a public documentary, website, and social media campaign that makes the case for the innocence of a wrongfully convicted person who is currently languishing in prison and deserves to be free.

Basic concepts and experimental findings of psychology that contribute to an understanding of the effects of policy on human behavior and well-being. Also covered are psychological factors that affect the formulation, communication, and execution of policy. Topics include a descriptive analysis of boundedly rational judgment and decision making, a consideration of social motives and attitudes, and an introduction to the ways in which agents influence and negotiate with one another.

Examines policy issues at international, national and local levels. Provides groundwork on nonprofits, NGOs, and philanthropy that can be followed with specialized courses on management and program evaluation. Emphasis on understanding how philanthropy, nonprofit, and NGO sectors operate, their niche alongside private and public sectors, revenue sources, impact on society, and converse effects of society and its institutions; the policy making process. Explores impact of reliance on government or overseas support for Third World NGOs; faith-based service provisions: accountability and transparency; advocacy; and government regulations.

This course has been designed to introduce graduate students in public and international affairs to certain principals and analytic tools widely used in the financial management of organizations, be they privately or publicly owned. The course is based on the premise that future civil servants should be familiar with this subject matter, either because they may be involved in the financial management of public agencies, or negotiate financial contracts with the private sector, or regulate financial management in the private sector.

Formal organizations are key to understanding most facets of modern life. This course examines organizations as complex social systems, which reflect and shape their broader social environments. The first half explores why organizations look and act the way they do: Why are they so bureaucratic? How do they influence one another? Why are they so often resistant to change? The second half of the course focuses on the consequences of organizational practices: How do they shape work, inequality and diversity? How do they mediate the effects of public policies? How do they become instruments of political change?

Provides hands-on experience in the application of econometric methods to policy issues. Various aspects of empirical research in economics are covered including 1) development of testable hypotheses, 2) appropriate use of data, 3) specification and estimation of econometric models. The course is taught using a set of cases in which students apply quantitative methods covered in SPI 507b to data in order to answer specific policy questions. Emphasis is placed on interpreting and writing about results.

The main tools of econometric analysis and the way in which they are applied to a range of problems in social science. The emphasis is on using techniques and understanding and critically assessing others' use of them. There is a great deal of practical work on the computer using a range of data from around the world. Topics include regression analysis, with a focus on regression as a tool for analyzing nonexperimental data and discrete choice. An introduction to time-series analysis is given. There are applications from macroeconomics, policy evaluation, and economic development.

Covers the theory of modern macroeconomics in detail. Focus is on the determination of macroeconomic variables - such as output, employment, prices, and the interest rate - in the short, medium, and long run, and addresses a number of policy issues. Discusses several examples of macroeconomic phenomena in the real world. A central theme is to understand the powers and limitations of macroeconomic policy in stabilizing the business cycle and promoting growth.

This course offers a broad treatment of macroeconomic theory and policy issues, using the formal methods of modern macroeconomics. Topics include long-run growth and development, labor, consumption, savings and investment decisions, the role of expectations, short-run fluctuations and stabilization policy, inflation and unemployment, trade and exchange rates.

This course introduces students to evaluation. It explores ways to develop and implement research-based program improvement strategies and program accountability systems; to judge the effects of policies and programs; and to assess the benefits and costs of policy or program changes. Students study a wide range of evaluation tools; read and discuss both domestic and international evaluation examples and apply this knowledge by designing several different types of evaluations on programs of their choosing.

This course is about the economics and some of the politics of central banking, especially monetary policy. Special emphasis is given to central banks as unique policymaking institutions and, especially, to the Federal Reserve System, although other central banks are mentioned frequently. Since the focus is on monetary policy, the course presupposes a working knowledge of the relevant macroeconomics, but particular aspects thereof are taught in the course. Attention is paid to the causes, consequences, and central bank behavior during and since the financial crisis and the Covid-19 crisis.

This course covers topics in microeconomic policy analysis. Empirical and theoretical methods are combined to evaluate the impact of public policies on behavior, income distribution, and social welfare. The policies that are covered include welfare programs, minimum wages, tax policy, tax enforcement, parental leave, childcare, social insurance, pensions and savings policy.

In this course, we analyze examples of development strategies in the United States, Europe and Asia, at the urban and regional levels, with a focus on the practical role of city government leaders and strategists, and how to make their role more effective. This course is taught primarily through case studies. Most of the classes focus on economic development, but we also spend some time discussing related issues (such as sustainability and income inequality).

A brilliant policy that suffers from poor leadership or bad management is likely to result in failure. This course is about best practices in leading and managing governmental and not-for-profit organizations in industrialized democratic societies. We assume that the policy problem has been solved and will focus on the non-policy aspects of being a leader and manager. This is a case study course. The goal is to place you in the position of a senior leader-a decision maker-so that you can experience these challenges, as much as possible, in the way actual leaders experienced them.

This class will use historical analysis to understand how different kinds of economic policies have succeeded or failed in ameliorating insecurity and inequality in the United States. Looking back to the 1930s, we will explore the template that FDR's New Deal program offers policymakers in 2023. We will evaluate to what extent the New Deal, as one the most transformative moments of American public policy. provides a roadmap as well as cautionary signs for how to address the overlapping crises of today - inequality, inflation, global warming, pandemics, and more.

This class aims to explore transnational issues in policing. Drawing heavily upon anthropological methods and theory, we aim neither to vindicate nor contest the police's right to use force (whether a particular instance was a violation of law), but instead, to contribute to the understanding of force (its forms, justifications, interpretations). The innovative transnational approach to policing developed during the semester allows for a cross-cultural comparative analysis that explores larger rubrics of policing in a comprehensive social scientific framework.

This course thinks about how to look at public questions through a values-based framework. Drawing from a broad range of readings, we consider what defines "moral" leadership, when a "leader" should act contrary to the will of the people, what to do if the law and justice are in conflict, how to weigh individual rights against the needs of the community, and more. This course is based on a seminar series Professor (and former Congressman) Edwards has taught for many elected officials including governors, members of Congress and Cabinet, mayors, state officials, and presidential candidates.

Issues of identity are factors in public affairs & public policy around the world from international debates over citizenship & immigration to health care & from the resurgence of virulent ethnic politics to the shaping of housing, health, reproductive, or economic and social policies. This course is an overview of how identity and power inform public policy. Sessions planned are: immigration; identity, psychology, & public policy; residential segregation; drug policies, policing, & sentencing; identity & economic development in Africa &the U.S.; policymaking & Islamic identity; identity politics & the U.S. midterm elections.

This course examines the histories, processes and nuanced dynamics that contribute to the making of cities in the Global South. We explore central debates in the study of these cities across geography, urban studies and planning, and development studies. Students deepen their understanding of the Global South, how it is conceptualized and what this means for urban development, while identifying patterns and specificities across the comparative contexts of Africa, Asia and Latin America. Ultimately, we consider how these actors are, or should be considered, in policymaking and planning interventions in the Global South.

Using a balance of theoretical frameworks and practical policy tools, this seminar studies terrorism, and governments' responses to this form of political violence. It is divided into two parts: Part I studies the history, root causes, organizations, strategies, tactics, and types of terrorism. Part II reviews the main strategies, tactics, and tools of combatting terrorism, including preventive and mitigative measures, kinetic and operational tools, and strategic methods in disrupting support structures of terrorism. Conceptual and theoretical frameworks are analyzed in light of the instructor's practical experience in counter-terrorism.

This course examines the strategies that great powers pursue to achieve foreign policy and national security objectives. It aims to help students understand the drivers and dimensions of competition between the United States and China and is structured around a series of questions related to aspects of Sino-American competition, namely the role of power shifts, perceptions, signaling, coercion, technology, ideology, alliances, economic statecraft, and leadership. Students review foundational literature in each area so that they can better understand the fundamental logic of the emerging strategic competition and its likely future path.

With the Taliban takeover of power in Afghanistan in late 2021, the country entered yet another transition. This seminar attempts to assess needs, and to formulate policy recommendations in the context of the virtually complete international boycott of the Taliban-led government. Students write and present a short paper on an area of intervention. Students also produce a joint report with specific policy recommendations. Students benefit from access to the Afghanistan Policy Lab (APL) and participate in APL-sponsored events led by external experts and present their recommendations in relevant policy-making circles.

This seminar engages in political changes observed in Latin America. The region continues to be perceived as one of high growth potential, on the account of demographics, natural resources, and democratic values. However, data on violence, poverty, and inequality present a region lagging behind. The incapacity of reforms to tackle needs of the population, has resulted in a wave of neo-populism with a large role played by social media. We examine polling and electoral results and data analytics of social media. Also, we invite Latin American leaders to discuss about political scenarios and the potential for critical reforms.

This course studies British and American influence on Asia, Africa, the Middle-East and Latin America over time. Our focus is both on formal empire (colonialism) and on informal empire (significant influence, without territorial control). The course is organized around the professor's book, Imperialism and the Developing World: How Britain and the United States Shaped the Global Periphery. The aim of the course is to: a) introduce students to the debates on the causes and consequences of imperialism; b) analyze specific cases of imperialism; and c) enable students to pursue a specific topic of interest.

This course looks at human rights as a public policy issue. It considers debates over the definition of human rights; the possibilities and limits of humanitarian intervention; the ability of human rights activists and international actors to undermine dictatorial governments; and the impact of the laws of war. We consider historical and contemporary cases around the world, including the Armenian genocide, the Holocaust, Bosnia, China, and more.

This course considers theories and evidence to explain processes of economic development. The course examines theories of economic growth, and the two-way links between development and poverty, inequality, social institutions, and the family. We also examine policy debates on education, health, and social policy, and governmental and international aid.

Course examines how and why society can make us sick or healthy and how gender, race/ethnicity, wealth, education, occupation and other social statuses shape health outcomes. It looks at the role of social institutions, and environment-society interactions in shaping health outcomes and examines how these factors underlie some of the major causes of illness and death around the world including infant mortality, infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS, and chronic diseases such as heart disease and cancer. The course draws on historical and cross-cultural material from the U.S. as well as global examples from different countries around the world.

This seminar explores important factors facing the field of global health today, as well as policy actions to address these factors. It examines demographic changes and rapid urbanization, climate change and its implications for global health, the increased importance of non-communicable diseases in low- and middle-income countries, the rise of social media and misinformation/disinformation, new health risk factors such as antimicrobial resistance, and the increased prominence of humanitarian emergencies due to conflicts, natural disasters, pandemics and other disease outbreaks.

These courses treat particular issues of economic and social policy of developing nations. Topics vary according to the interests of the students and instructors. This course explores social entrepreneurship & sustainable development in Africa.

This course covers the research on the drivers, consequences, and policies of migration. Taking a global and historical perspective, we explore how different factors have become salient in driving migration flows in different parts of the world and at different times and what policies have been implemented and with what consequences. Crucially, we use a broad definition of migration policy, focusing not just on border enforcement or visa regimes, but also on trade, international relations, and social policy which are all linked to human mobility.

The course focuses on the "micro" level, not on broad principles of aid effectiveness or unified theories of political development, although it intersects both. It asks you to place yourselves in the shoes of the reformer (think Seretse Khama, Lee Kuan Yew, or Sri Mulyani Indrawati, for example). You have a limited opportunity to build a new institutional order and improve the provision of public goods. How can you get around the challenges that inevitably arise? Is there a way to lock in these changes and help new institutions endure? At the end of the course we return to "big theory" and the task of drawing broader insight.

This course tackles the challenges of mitigating and adapting to climate change. We study the consequences of climate change and the government policy aimed at limiting carbon emissions. We place particular emphasis on global impacts, including in lower-income countries that face disproportionate damages from climate change, as well as unique difficulties in implementing environmental regulation.

Why do severe recessions happen? Could we have prevented the Great Recession and its consequences? And what actions are needed to prevent such crises going forward? We undertake an empirical exploration of these questions in this course and debate the various macro and financial policy questions that arise. Our discussions are strictly disciplined by data and evidence. The course analyzes the role of debt in generating the Great Recession and the Great Depression, as well as the current economic malaise in Europe.

Students examine the areas of international law considered to be core to peace and security (including the UN Charter and the role of the Security Council, international human rights, international criminal law, state responsibility, and state sovereignty) respond to geopolitical upheavals driven by disruptive global forces, with a particular focus on anthropogenic disruption of the Earth's climate system. Students thus spend a significant part of the course learning key public international law concepts and doctrines. Additionally, it looks at how national security law and policy is beginning to incorporate climate-related issues.

Examines international law and governance in the context of environmental problems. Considers the need for regulation under conditions of scientific uncertainty in issues such as climate change, bovine growth hormones, GMOs, fisheries management, biodiversity conservation, and ozone depletion. Explores the efficacy of diverse regulatory approaches, mechanisms for scientific advice to policymakers and participation by business firms and NGOs. Considers intersections between environmental regulation (both domestic and international) with trade, investment, and multilateral development and aid programs.

The course investigates the interplay of politics and inequality, with a focus on class and race in the United States. The focus is on individuals' political views and behavior, with some attention to political institutions. We take up questions such as: does the political system equally represent the poor, middle class, and rich? Do Americans want government to ameliorate inequality? How do structural factors such as geography affect the politics of racial and ethnic inequality? Why are some people threatened by immigration while others embrace it?

This segment of the JDP seminar covers theory and research on social stratification, the major subfield in sociology that focuses on inequality. Course begins by reviewing major theories, constructs, measures, and empirical work on inequality. Weeks two through six focus on institutions that are expected to produce (and reproduce) inequalities, including families, neighborhoods, schools, labor markets, and penal policy.

This course discusses how economic trends and politics have shaped macroeconomic thinking in the postwar years. Given the nature of how ideas originate and travel, the course traces the evolution of economic policy in the advanced countries, but we also focus on the osmosis of these ideas to and experience with them in developing/emerging economies.

This course covers how the Federal budget process is supposed to work and how it actually does work. Topics include: (1) institutions, processes, and definitions; (2) history of budget outcomes; (3) the current state of the Federal budget process; (4) the role of uncertainty in budgeting; (4) the role of politics in budgeting; and (5) the budget's short- and long-term fiscal consequences.

This course investigates how ethnic diversity influences policymaking and how state institutions structure ethnic politics; why and how ethnic diversity shapes individuals' and groups' beliefs, preferences, and behaviors in ways that influence the formulation of policy; and also examines sources of inter-group conflict and how policies can help ameliorate or exacerbate such conflict, focusing on immigration policy, multiculturalism, and state institutions that raise or lower the salience of ethnic identity. Topics and readings cover advanced industrialized democracies as well as economically and politically developing countries.

This seminar explores supply-side approaches to addressing this pervasive housing crisis. We examine critically the current policies, challenges, and practice of developing new, income-restricted affordable housing, both single-family and multi-family, for sale and rental, in the United States. We assess the impacts of building affordable housing on residents and communities, including issues of race and class. We conclude by discussing student papers and assessing likely and desirable alternative future affordable housing policies.

This half-term course provides an overview of recent applied research on bureaucracy in the developing world. Students will examine questions such as how bureaucrats are selected; how the incentives environment they face in office shapes their performance; how politics intervenes and enables bureaucratic work; and what factors shape the efficacy of bureaucratic systems.

The course is about the urgent need to develop principled leadership. It is based on one premise: a democratic form of government cannot exist if citizens distrust each other, and dishonesty is a form of life. The goal is to expose students who have expressed an interest in developing their leadership skills to the threats, risks, and challenges they will confront. Researching leadership techniques, values, and principles, students will explore how others have defied similar challenges in the past. Through lectures, readings, and case studies, students will have an opportunity to reflect and develop their own concept of effective leadership.

This seminar explores the forces driving the erosion of democratic norms, values and institutions and the concurrent surge in authoritarian rule of a new and more sophisticated type. We also explore democratic resilience, including strategies crafted and implemented by civil society actors and movements seeking to rejuvenate or even reinvent the democracy project. Students sharpen their thinking about the shifting global political landscape and explore the daunting challenges to advance democratic freedoms and fundamental human rights. Drawing on international case studies, this seminar provides a policy practitioner's perspective.

This course explores how economics has recently incorporated a number of insights and findings from psychology and experiments and examines some of the implications that follow for the workings of markets and policy. Topics include Imperfect self-control, present bias, fairness and reciprocity, motivation, signaling concerns, wishing thinking, reference dependence, malleable preferences, bounded rationality, and more.

Two major areas of psychology contribute to the study of social policy and inequality. The first is social psychology, which focuses on inter-group relations, interpersonal perception, stereotyping, racism, aggression, justice and fairness. The second domain involves the fields of social-cognition, judgment and decision making, areas of research that study human information processing in a way that is not about individual differences, and often not social.

This course addressed state and local regulation of public health and health care. It explores the opportunities and limits of government intervention to promote health and address health care deficits, with case examples drawn from New York City, New Jersey and other cities and states. Topics include controversies surrounding efforts to address obesity and other chronic illnesses, regulation of reproductive health services, policies to reduce gun violence, and the opioid crisis. The course combines in-depth readings, discussion, lectures, and a written assignment.

This course examines the principles of negotiation and provide firsthand experience in simulated negotiations. Sample topics include distributive negotiation, integrative negotiation ("expanding the pie"), conflict management, and coalitions. Research on the variables that affect success in negotiations are discussed. Students engage in a series of bargaining exercises between individuals and teams, and results are analyzed by the class.

Course covers theory and research on social stratification, the major subfield in sociology that focuses on inequality. We begin by reviewing major theories, constructs, and empirical work on inequality. Weeks 2 -6 focus on institutions that mediate the transmission and reproduction of inequality, including families, schools, neighborhoods, labor markets, and the criminal justice system.

This course examines the challenges of managing crises in large organizations. By using real world case studies as well as exploring the literature in the field, students gain familiarity with critical tools needed by leaders confronted with handling events that are beyond the normal capacity of an enterprise to manage.

America's founding principles of equality conflict with its record on civil rights. No more is this the case than the issue of race in American politics. This course brings together a wide range of scholarship about race and democracy to encourage thinking about equity and fairness across public systems, in policy making, and why it matters. Specific attention is given to how these racial dynamics are articulated in terms of public opinion and political behavior, with some consideration of racial equity tools and culturally responsive evaluation.

This class explores the recent history, current debates, and possible future trajectories of stakeholder capitalism, including the role of policy in shaping the role of business in society.

This course focuses on public regulation of imperfectly competitive industries. Topics include the acquisition and use of market power by firms, the theory and practice of antitrust policy, and some elements of regulation concerning product quality, advertising, and safety.

This course explores three questions in the economics of education: What are the economic returns to education? How do people's valuations of education relate to economists' measures of returns? how are individuals' choices and educational outcomes mediated by information? We pay special attention to higher education policy and to choice-based reforms in K-12 education. Do these reforms 'work?' If not, why not? Topics include signaling and human capital theories, valuation of school quality, charter/magnet schools, and informational and financial frictions in higher education.

What is the relationship between the media, politics, and public policymaking? We examine the media as a proactive and reactive force in American politics. What constitutes `the media' and how has it changed over time? How does it influence politics and government? How do government and politics influence it? Students become familiar with topics, theories, and methods in the study of political communication, including agenda-setting, US political rhetoric, strategic messaging, public opinion, political advertising, the role of TV, technology, and celebrity in our political system.

This course will introduce students to strategic approaches and tools for countering corruption at the national, regional and global levels. We will review successes, failures, and challenges in reducing corruption, and learn the best international anti-corruption standards and practices. We will focus on effective policies to combat kleptocracy in governments. The course will also cover the following: international standards (OECD/UN/EU); model anti-corruption institutions; best practices to avoid corruption in large infrastructure projects; anti-money laundering measures; transparency and accountability; and institutional integrity systems.

The last two years have seen increased calls for unionization (Amazon/Starbucks), a surge in strikes, new forced labor cases tied to H2A visas. Questions about extreme wage and income inequities, health and safety risks, and the future of work dominate the headlines. But what to do? In this seminar we will address the history of labor unions in the United States and new models for unions; Worker-driven Social Responsibility as a new model for protecting workers' human rights; and the future for defining, claiming, and protecting workers' human rights of fair pay, safe working conditions, and dignity at work.

Designed to improve students' skill, confidence and judgment in use of science in policy applications. Using case studies, real-world examples, and in-class exercises, in the areas of atmospheric and energy policy, the emphasis is on preparing both non-scientists and scientists to use, understand, and critique science in environmental policy applications. Exercises are scaled to the student's background.

The handling of personal information by both public and private entities has become one of the central concerns of our time. The use of new technologies and their rapid innovations pose ever new challenges for the protection of privacy. In this half-term course, we study the legal frameworks pertaining to data privacy in the US and the EU and their interaction, we critically examine the policy behind it and we engage in readings (including relevant case law) and discussions surrounding the current topics like government and private surveillance, privacy and media, platforms liability, privacy harms or targeted advertising.

Vaccination is one of the most powerful tools in global health. However, vaccines are arguably much less deployed than they should be, due to a combination of economic and biological constraints, as well as the rising trend of vaccine hesitancy Here, we review the biology of vaccines and their impact on infectious disease dynamics, focusing especially on the key concept of herd (community) immunity. We then use case studies to discuss the successes and limitations of vaccination against human diseases, drawing general implications about their optimal future deployment.

This course explores the institutional stakes of geography for economic opportunity and democratic representation, focusing on racial separation and subjugation in the United States. The first part of the course considers how law and policy help determine where people reside; the remainder explores how and why 'place' matters.The primary goals of this seminar will be to first understand the hidden stakes of geography, as shaped by racialized processes of exclusion and dispossession, and then to apply the resulting insights to contemporary policy problems.

This course examines the drivers of the PRC's past economic growth, the current growth dilemmas, and the future growth prospects. Economic growth is considered within the context of the PRC's economic and social reforms. Coverage also includes the PRC's industrial policies, the dynamics of productivity change, the risk of financial crisis and its impact on growth, the interdependence of the PRC and world economies at a time of nationalist policies and trade wars, and the significance of economic growth in an ongoing system competition.

This is a course in research design. We discuss some issues in the philosophy of science, then analyze questions of conceptualization, proceeding to problems of descriptive inference, objectivity, and causal inference, including the role of causal mechanisms. The seminar continues with analysis of how to avoid bias, then tackle issues of historical change. Students present their own research designs and critique those of their colleagues. Emphasis is on qualitative research, but the argument underlying the seminar is that the same basic principles of inference apply to qualitative and quantitative research.

This course combines a traditional public health course in epidemiology with a policy-oriented course on population health. Conventional topics include measurement of health and survival and impact of associated risk factors; techniques for design, analysis of epidemiologic studies; sources of bias and confounding; and causal inference. We also examine: models of infectious disease with an emphasis on COVID-19, inference and decision making based on large numbers of studies and contradictory information, the science underlying screening procedures, social inequalities in health, and ethical issues in medical research.

This course is limited to students participating in the Scholars in the Nation's Service Initiative (SINSI), the Richard H. Ullman Fellowship, or an approved MPA middle year out. Enrolled students participate in one or more internships with a federal, state, or local government agency, non-governmental organization, or multilateral institution in the U.S. or overseas. The purpose is to provide a learning environment for students to use/develop quantitative and qualitative analytical skills in an active public policy setting, with oversight from Princeton University faculty and staff.

This course will examine different crises confronting cities in the 21st century. Topics will range from informal settlements, to immigration, terrorism, shrinking population, sprawl, rising seas, affordable housing, gentrification, smart cities. The range of cities will include Los Angles, New Orleans, Paris, Logos, Caracas, Havana, New York, Hong Kong, Dubai among others.