Philosophical Foundations of Probability and Decision Theory

We will introduce modern probability and decision theory and use them to tackle questions at the intersection of ethics, statistics, political science, and the law, such as: Is it possible for an AI-based categorization system to be minimally fair? Is it irrational to be exploitable by sequences of bets? What fraction of your resources should you risk when the odds are in your favor? Does evidence from physics show that there are many universes? What makes it reasonable to believe that the universe wasn't created yesterday? Should defendants be convicted based on merely statistical evidence? Can voting in a non-swing state be justified?